Stepping stones to the north

[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 13-Aug-2012
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Contact: David Garner
david.garner@york.ac.uk
44-019-043-22153
University of York

'Citizen science' reveals that protected areas allow wildlife to spread in response to climate change

A new study led by scientists at the University of York has shown how birds, butterflies, other insects and spiders have colonised nature reserves and areas protected for wildlife, as they move north in response to climate change and other environmental changes.

The study of over 250 species, led by researchers in the Department of Biology at York, is published online by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (PNAS). The conclusions were based on the analysis of millions of records of wildlife species sent in predominantly by members of the public.

The work represents a major new discovery involving collaborators in universities, research institutes, conservation charities, and regional and national government but crucially --fuelled by 'citizen science'.

Many species need to spread towards the poles where conditions remain cool enough for them to survive climate warming. But doing this is complicated because many landscapes across the world are dominated by human agriculture and development, which form barriers to the movement of species. The mainstay of traditional conservation has been to establish protected areas and nature reserves to provide refuges against the loss of habitats and other threats in the surrounding countryside.

But this method of nature conservation has been questioned in recent years, partly because of continuing degradation of habitats in reserves in some parts of the world. Increasingly, however, the value of protected areas is being question because climate change is taking place wildlife sites stay where they are while animal species move in response to changing conditions.

However, the new research shows that protected areas are the places that most animal species colonise as they spread into new regions. "Protected areas are like stepping stones across the landscape, allowing species to set up a succession of new breeding populations as they move northwards," said lead author Professor Chris Thomas, of the University of York.

Co-author Dr Phillipa Gillingham, now a Lecturer at Bournemouth University, calculated that species are on average around four times more likely to colonise nature reserves than might be expected. "For the seven focal species of birds and butterflies that we studied in greatest detail, 40 per cent of new colonisations occurred in the mere 8.4 per cent of the land that was protected," she said. "Similar patterns were observed among more than 250 invertebrate species."

But the study showed that species vary greatly in how much they need reserves.

"Some species, such as the Dartford warbler and silver-spotted skipper butterfly, are largely confined to nature reserves," said Dr David Roy, of the Natural Environment Research Council's Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. "Whereas others like the nightjar and stone curlew are less dependent on these sites."

Dr Richard Bradbury, of the RSPB, said: "Sites of importance for wildlife stand out like beacons in otherwise impoverished landscapes. This study shows that the hugely important role they play now will continue undiminished in the future. Protecting these arks, as well as restoring and re-creating new ones where we can, will provide the vital network enabling more species to survive the spectre of climate change."

"This study is a great example of how volunteer recorders and national monitoring schemes together provide the information to answer key conservation questions of global importance, such as how we can help wildlife cope with climate change," added James Pearce-Higgins of the British Trust for Ornithology. "Only through the dedicated effort of so many people can we undertake the scale of long-term monitoring required."

###



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[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 13-Aug-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: David Garner
david.garner@york.ac.uk
44-019-043-22153
University of York

'Citizen science' reveals that protected areas allow wildlife to spread in response to climate change

A new study led by scientists at the University of York has shown how birds, butterflies, other insects and spiders have colonised nature reserves and areas protected for wildlife, as they move north in response to climate change and other environmental changes.

The study of over 250 species, led by researchers in the Department of Biology at York, is published online by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (PNAS). The conclusions were based on the analysis of millions of records of wildlife species sent in predominantly by members of the public.

The work represents a major new discovery involving collaborators in universities, research institutes, conservation charities, and regional and national government but crucially --fuelled by 'citizen science'.

Many species need to spread towards the poles where conditions remain cool enough for them to survive climate warming. But doing this is complicated because many landscapes across the world are dominated by human agriculture and development, which form barriers to the movement of species. The mainstay of traditional conservation has been to establish protected areas and nature reserves to provide refuges against the loss of habitats and other threats in the surrounding countryside.

But this method of nature conservation has been questioned in recent years, partly because of continuing degradation of habitats in reserves in some parts of the world. Increasingly, however, the value of protected areas is being question because climate change is taking place wildlife sites stay where they are while animal species move in response to changing conditions.

However, the new research shows that protected areas are the places that most animal species colonise as they spread into new regions. "Protected areas are like stepping stones across the landscape, allowing species to set up a succession of new breeding populations as they move northwards," said lead author Professor Chris Thomas, of the University of York.

Co-author Dr Phillipa Gillingham, now a Lecturer at Bournemouth University, calculated that species are on average around four times more likely to colonise nature reserves than might be expected. "For the seven focal species of birds and butterflies that we studied in greatest detail, 40 per cent of new colonisations occurred in the mere 8.4 per cent of the land that was protected," she said. "Similar patterns were observed among more than 250 invertebrate species."

But the study showed that species vary greatly in how much they need reserves.

"Some species, such as the Dartford warbler and silver-spotted skipper butterfly, are largely confined to nature reserves," said Dr David Roy, of the Natural Environment Research Council's Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. "Whereas others like the nightjar and stone curlew are less dependent on these sites."

Dr Richard Bradbury, of the RSPB, said: "Sites of importance for wildlife stand out like beacons in otherwise impoverished landscapes. This study shows that the hugely important role they play now will continue undiminished in the future. Protecting these arks, as well as restoring and re-creating new ones where we can, will provide the vital network enabling more species to survive the spectre of climate change."

"This study is a great example of how volunteer recorders and national monitoring schemes together provide the information to answer key conservation questions of global importance, such as how we can help wildlife cope with climate change," added James Pearce-Higgins of the British Trust for Ornithology. "Only through the dedicated effort of so many people can we undertake the scale of long-term monitoring required."

###



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-08/uoy-sst081012.php

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USD/CAD: Canadian economy lost more jobs in July; pair trading ...

USD CAD

USDCAD Movement

For the 24 hours to 23:00 GMT on Friday, USD declined 0.06% against the CAD to close at 0.9910.

In Canada, official data indicated that the economy lost 30,400 jobs in July, disappointing expectations for a 9,600 rise and following a 7,300 increase in the previous month. Canada?s unemployment rate rose to 7.3% in July from 7.2% in the previous month. Analysts had expected the unemployment rate to remain unchanged in July.

In the Asian session, at GMT0300, the pair is trading at 0.9910, with the USD trading flat from Friday?s close.

The pair is expected to find support at 0.9887, and a fall through could take it to the next support level of 0.9865. The pair is expected to find its first resistance at 0.9951, and a rise through could take it to the next resistance level of 0.9993.

The currency pair is trading below its 20 Hr and 50 Hr moving averages.

This entry was posted in USD/CAD. Bookmark the permalink.

Source: http://forexnews.gcitrading.com/currencies/usdcad/usdcad-canadian-economy-lost-more-jobs-in-july-pair-trading-flat-this-morning.htm

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Afghan policeman fires on NATO forces, no deaths

(AP) ? Authorities say an Afghan policeman has opened fire on NATO forces and Afghan soldiers. The shooting is the fifth apparent attack in a week by Afghan security forces on their international partners.

The international military coalition says none of its service members were killed in Monday's attack.

NATO spokesman Charlie Stadtlander says an initial investigation indicates the attacker was an Afghan police officer. He says the shooter escaped.

A Taliban spokesman claimed responsibility for the shooting and said three Americans died in it. The insurgents often exaggerate their assaults' success.

At least seven American service members have been killed in the past week by either their Afghan counterparts or attackers wearing their uniforms.

The rise in "green-on-blue" attacks raises questions about the Afghan security forces as international forces withdraw.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2012-08-13-Afghanistan/id-477c063940fa47a280c2de4e0fd1c9fa

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Self Improvement And Accomplishment Come Together

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Source: http://www.autolinereviews.com/self-improvement-and-accomplishment-come-together/

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Go Beyond Olympic Super Fitness With Tooth Meditation and Ear ...

Yoga unites the three treasures of Tai Chi -- Beauty, Love, Spirit -- however, joining the upper and lower teeth is the simplest path to understanding.

Go Beyond Olympic Super Fitness With

Tooth Meditation and Ear Breathing

If you read my book,?Yin Ain't Yang: The Ancient Way To Better Health, you might have questions about Tooth Meditation and Ear Breathing. The "bucket over head" effect taught in the book might be one of those secret pearls that you're missing in your quest for super health and fitness. Besides opening the trachea for more oxygen intake volume, ear breathing helps develop your sensitivities necessary for greater awareness of vibrations leading to enlightenment. Meditations that engage breathing through the nose, humming, chanting, swallowing, hearing your heartbeat, etc. will echo more clearly on your ear drum when your eustachian tube is open. All vibrations within your body will more clearly vibrate directly on your ear drum. The medical term for this phenomenon is autophony, the hearing of self-generated sounds. Autophony in medicine is related with the disorder known as Patulous Eustachian Tube, but it has untold benefits when you learn to control it to your advantage for increased health and fitness.??{http://www.patulouseustachiantube.net/Description.html}

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Source: http://teethsense.blogspot.com/2012/08/go-beyond-olympic-super-fitness-with.html

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Three US soldiers killed by man in Afghan uniform

This is the third attack against coalition forces by Afghans in one week.

By Kay Johnson,?Associated Press / August 10, 2012

A man in an Afghan uniform shot and killed three American troops Friday morning in southern Afghanistan, the U.S. military command said, in the third attack on coalition forces by their Afghan counterparts in a week. The Taliban claimed the shooter joined the insurgency after the attack.

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So far this year, at least 21 similar attacks ? in which Afghan forces or insurgents disguised in Afghan uniforms have turned their guns on international troops ? have killed 30 coalition service members, according to an Associated Press tally.

The assaults on coalition forces by the soldiers and police they are training raise doubts about relations with Afghans more than 10 years after the U.S.-led invasion to topple the Taliban's hardline Islamist regime for sheltering the al-Qaida leadership. The attacks also call into question the quality of the Afghan forces taking over in many areas across the country, in preparation for the departure of most international troops in 2014.

Friday's shooting took place in Sangin district of Helmand province, said U.S. military spokeswoman Maj. Lori Hodge. She gave no further details and said the military were investigating.

Exactly what happened in the attack was unclear, and there were conflicting accounts. Sangin Gov. Mohammad Sharif said the shooting happened at a police checkpoint after a joint meal and a security meeting, but an Afghan army commander, Farooq Parwani, said that the attack happened on a U.S. base.

The U.S. military said it was also not clear whether the attacker wore an Afghan army or police uniform.

Taliban spokesman Qari Yousef Ahmadi said by telephone that the attacker, whom he identified as a member of Helmand police named Asadullah, had joined the insurgency after his attack. Ahmadi said the man had been helping U.S. forces train the Afghan Local Police troops.

"Now, he is with us," Ahmadi said.

The U.S. is hoping the Afghan Local Police will be a key force to fight the insurgency after most international troops withdraw.

The attack is the latest in a rising number of so-called "green-on-blue" attacks in which Afghan security forces, or insurgents disguised in their uniforms, kill the U.S. or NATO partners who are training Afghans to take over once most international forces leave in 2014. Compared to the 21 attacks this year that killed 30 foreign troops, there were 11 such attacks and 20 deaths in 2011. And in 2007 and 2008, there was a combined total of four attacks and four deaths

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/F7R9eMsIYfE/Three-US-soldiers-killed-by-man-in-Afghan-uniform

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Psychologist: No guarantee Loughner would stay competent

AFP - Getty Images

Jared Loughner pleaded guilty this week to killing six people and wounding 13, including former Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords.

By Pete Williams and Isolde Raftery, NBC News

The federal Bureau of Prisons psychologist observing Jared Loughner concluded in an April report released Thursday that he was mentally competent to stand trial for the Arizona shooting spree that left six people dead and 13 wounded, but there was no guarantee he would remain so given his fragile state.

Christina Pietz also concluded that Loughner?s status "may wax and wane" and could seriously worsen under the pressure of a trial.

Her assessment is part of what led his lawyers to conclude that a guilty plea was the wisest move.

Loughner opened fire on Jan. 8, 2011, outside a Tucson Safeway where? former Rep. Gabrielle Giffords was holding a meet-and-greet with constituents. Six people, including a federal judge, John Roll, and a 9-year-old girl, Christina-Taylor Green, were killed. Giffords, who was shot in the head, was among 13 people wounded. Loughner pleaded guilty on Tuesday and in doing so, avoided the death penalty.


The report released Thursday covers a roughly 12-week period during which Pietz evaluated Loughner, from January to April of this year, at the U.S. Medical Center for Federal Prisoners in Springfield, Mo. Loughner was sent there after initially being found incompetent to stand trial.

Jared Loughner pleads guilty to Tucson shootings, avoids death penalty

In the 11-page report, which was included in a court filing, Pietz concludes that Loughner is schizophrenic, but that his symptoms can be controlled with medication.

Throughout, the psychologist details Loughner?s housing and daily routine. Because he is a high-profile inmate, she writes, he is housed in a two-room area of the facility. One side of his room has a writing desk, bed and shower. The shower doesn?t have a curtain to allow staff to monitor him.

Read the psychologist report (.pdf)

In that room, he keeps a television, pen, toothpaste, toothbrush, shampoo and towel. The other room has stationary bike, although Pietz writes that Loughner rarely uses the second room.

Loughner remained on suicide watch during the 12 weeks Pietz evaluated him, and guards recorded his activities every 15 minutes in a suicide watch log.

?He denied experiencing auditory hallucinations,? Pietz wrote. But ?there were a few times that staff suspected he was attending to internal stimuli because he would moan while pacing in his room.?

Loughner attended a therapy group with four other inmates from whom he was separated with a mesh wire. Pietz reported that he was an active participant during most of those sessions but sometimes paced in his area.

Analysis: In?Loughner case, a cost-benefit calculation to the death penalty

Loughner also asked for a job and received two: rolling towels and stamping returned addresses on blank envelopes.

His improvement over time was marked, Pietz wrote, and when he spoke with her, he remained focused. During those conversations, which he knew would likely become public, Loughner sometimes said he regretted that Giffords did not die.

?He talked openly about his disappointment that Rep. Giffords could be alive,? Pietz wrote. ?When I asked what this meant he stated, ?That I failed. I?m not an assassin. That I ruined my life for nothing. I think differently now.??

Later in the interview, he told Pietz, ?It?s another failure if she?s alive. Jared Loughner failed again. He?s a failure. So all of this would be for nothing.?

On Jan. 24, the beginning of his evaluation, Loughner said, ?I saw her on TV last night. I saw Christina Green. I saw Mrs. Hileman (Suzi Hileman, a shooting survivor). I saw the guy that held me down. I saw her walk into her office for the last time. She was going to the State of the Union address. I swear to you that?s not the woman I shot. The woman I shot in the head died instantly. No one could survive that gunshot wound to the head.??

Later though, Loughner demonstrated to Pietz that he understood Giffords was alive.

Watch the most-viewed videos on NBCNews.com

Pietz reported that his attorney visits left Loughner exhausted. At first, he was unrestrained during those meetings. But after he spat and lunged at one of his attorneys, he was outfitted with a belly chain, handcuffs and leg irons. Those restraints have since come off.

In conclusion, Pietz writes: ?Because Mr. Loughner?s condition may wax and wane, I recommend the court expeditiously address issues related to his situation.?

After his guilty plea, Loughner was returned to the Missouri facility pending sentencing on Nov. 15. He faces a sentence of life in prison.

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Source: http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/08/09/13204496-psychologist-no-guarantee-that-arizona-shooter-jared-loughner-would-stay-competent?lite

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Homeschooling Can Become Redundant ? How To Make A Fun And

Homeschool parents are constantly asking whether they are gift their female the prizewinning activity available. Over time, as the parents and female start into a routine, they vexation most ownership their female geared and cultivating a desire for noesis in their child. But there are a sort of structure to ready the curriculum recreation and unequalled for your child.

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It Can Be Done With Any Subject

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Even Languages

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Related posts

Source: http://ilawjournals.com/reference-and-education/homeschooling-can-become-redundant-how-to-make-a-fun-and-unique-curriculum-for-your-child-30049.html

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